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Art is often considered to be the act of creation. The formalizing of esoteric thought into brush strokes and shaped marble; however, when seen holistically art can just as easily be about destruction. This juxtaposition is captured beautifully in the idea of Lord Shiva, the cosmic dancer. Considered to be a patron deity of the arts, Lord Shiva’s dance while awe-inspiringly beautiful could also end the cosmos itself. It is this reverence for the power of art that we see reflected in the devotion to Shiva and, as such, his depictions in various art forms from all across the country.
His portrayal as Nataraja, the lord of the dance is perhaps his most well-known form, the dynamic pose symbolizing the cosmic cycles of creation and destruction. In this form, his multiple arms convey a sense of boundless energy, while his serene expression reflects his control over the universe. In contrast to the power the Lord Shiva is associated with, his depictions often show him in his more tranquil aspects. As Dakshinamurthy, the teacher, he imparts wisdom and knowledge, often depicted seated beneath a banyan tree or perched atop a mountainside, serene in his solitude.
The influence of Shiva extends across diverse regional art forms. In the vibrant and bold Phad paintings of Rajasthan, Shiva is often depicted alongside his consort, Parvati. In this painting by Kalyan Joshi we can see the Gods rendered in ornate gold to emphasize their otherworldly beauty.
In states such as Kolkata, Lord Shiva is regarded with particular reverence which is reflected in the numerous artworks depicting him in the Kalighat art form. While Kalighat paintings are often known for their bold lines and vibrant colors, This subtle work by Anwar Chitrakar shows a more holistic and sedate presentation of the deity. The Kalighat style, with its focus on storytelling and social commentary, often portrays Shiva in contemporary contexts, making him relatable to a wider audience.
Much like art itself, there is no one perspective or way of rendering Shiva that is more accurate or significant. Whether he is depicted as the ascetic meditating in the Himalayas or as the powerful destroyer wielding his trident, each representation offers a glimpse into our own minds as well as the world around us.